Identity and sequence
LL-37 is the 37-residue cathelicidin peptide generated from the human hCAP18/CAMP precursor. Its cationic and amphipathic structural features and broader biological context are summarized in Dürr et al. (2006), a review.
Primary receptor and chemotaxis experiments
De Yang et al. (2000) investigated human peripheral-blood neutrophils, monocytes and T cells together with receptor-expression experiments. The study identified FPRL1-associated chemotactic responses and calcium mobilization. This is primary cell research and does not establish a clinical antimicrobial or wound-treatment effect.
Review-level antimicrobial and immune background
Tjabringa et al. (2005) review lung infection and inflammation, Duplantier and van Hoek (2013) review LL-37 in wound-related antimicrobial research, and Fabisiak et al. (2016) review pleiotropic immune functions. These syntheses must not be counted as independent primary experiments.
Limitations
Effects depend on the experimental cells, concentrations and conditions; different membrane and immune readouts are not interchangeable endpoints. The cited sources do not establish a human-use protocol or the identity, safety or efficacy of the labeled 5 mg product. Primary research and lot-specific analytical evidence are separate review questions.
Related
- ll 37 5mgproduct
References
- De Yang et al. (2000). LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. [primary; human leukocyte and receptor-expression cell experiments]PMID: 11015447DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.7.1069
- Dürr UH et al. (2006). LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. [review; cathelicidin structure and biology]PMID: 16716248DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.030
- Tjabringa GS et al. (2005). The human cathelicidin LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in infection and inflammation in the lung. [review; lung infection and inflammation]PMID: 15939310DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.01.001
- Duplantier AJ et al. (2013). The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for Polymicrobial Infected Wounds. [review; wound-related antimicrobial research]PMID: 23840194DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00143
- Fabisiak A et al. (2016). LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity. [review; immune functions]PMID: 27117377DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.015
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